Soil Classification: Zymogenic Soils
These soils are dominated by a microflora that can perform useful kinds of fermentation, i.e. , the breakdown of complex organic molecules into simple organic substances and inorganic materials. The organisms can be either obligate or facultative anaerobes. Such fennentation-producing microorganisms often comprise the microflora of various organic materials, i.e., crop residues, animal manures, green manures and municipal wastes including composts. After these amendments are applied to the soil, their numbers and fermentative activities can increase dramatically and overwhelm the indigenous soil microflora for an indefinite period. While these microorganisms remain predominant, the soil can be classified as a zymogenic soil which is generally characterized by a) pleasant, fennentative.
Controlling the soil microflora to enhance the predominance of beneficial and Effective Microorganisms can help to improve and maintain the soil chemical and physical properties. The proper and regular addition of organic amendments are often an important part of any strategy to exercise such control.
Previous efforts to significantly change the indigenous microflora of a soil by introducing single cultures of extrinsic microorganisms have largely been unsuccessful. Even when a beneficial microorganism is isolated from a soil, cultured in the laboratory, and reinoculated into the same soil at a very high population, it is immediately subject to competitive and antagonistic effects from the indigenous soil microflora and its numbers soon decline. Thus, the probability of shifting the “microbiological equilibrium” of a soil and controlling it to favor the growth, yield and health of crops is much greater if mixed cultures of beneficial and Effective Microorganisms are introduced that are physiologically and ecologically compatible with one another. When these mixed cultures become established their individual beneficial effects are often magnified in a synergistic manner.
Actually, a disease-suppressive microflora can be developed rather easily by selecting and culturing ce1tain types of gram-positive bacteria that produce antibiotics and have a wide range of specific functions and capabilities; these organisms include facultative anaerobes, obligate aerobes, acidophilic and alkalophilic microbes. These microorganisms can be grown to high populations in a medium consisting of rice bran, oil cake and fish meal and then applied to soil along with well-cured compost that also has a large stable population of beneficial microor ganisms, especially facultative anaerobic bacteria. A soil can be readily transformed into a zymogenic/synthetic soil with disease-suppressive potential if mixed cultures of Effective Microorganisms with the ability to transmit these properties are applied to that soil.
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