These soils are dominated by a microflora that can perform useful kinds of fermentation, i.e. , the breakdown of complex organic molecules into simple organic substances and inorganic materials. The organisms can be either obligate or facultative anaerobes. Such fennentation-producing microorganisms often comprise the microflora of various organic materials, i.e., crop residues, animal manures, green […]
These soils con tain significant populations of microorganisms which are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen and carbon dioxide into complex molecules such as amino acids, proteins and carbohydrates. Such micro organisms include photosynthetic bacteria which perform incomplete photosynthesis anaerobically, ce1tain Phycomycetes (fungi that resemble algae), and both green algae and blue-green algae which function aerobically. […]
The microflora of disease-suppressive soils is usually dominated by antagonistic microorganisms that produce copious amounts of antibiotics. These include fungi of the genera Penicillium, Tricho derma, and Aspergillus, and actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces. The antibiotics they produce can have biostatic and biocidal effects on soil-borne plant pathogens, including Fusarium which would have an incidence […]
Soils can be characterized according to their in indigenous microflora which perform putrefactive, fermentative, synthetic and zymogenic reactions and processes. In most soils, these functions are going on simultaneously with the rate and extent of each determined by the types and numbers of associated microorganisms that are ac tively involved at any one time. Pro-Soil […]
The processes of putrefaction, fermentation, and synthesis proceed simultaneously according to the appropriate types and numbers of microorganisms that are present in the soil. The impact on soil quality attributes and related soil properties is determined by the dominant process. The production of organic sub stances by microorganisms results from the intake of positive ions, […]
The term “synthesis” as used here refers to the biosynthetic capacity of certain microorganisms to derive metabolic energy by “fixing” atmospheric nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide. In this context we refer to these as “synthetic” microorganisms , and if they should become a pre dominant part of the soil microflora, then the soil would be termed […]
Soil microorganisms can be classified into decomposer and synthetic microorganisms. The decomposer microorganisms are subdivided into groups that perform oxidative and fermentative decomposition. The fermentative group is further divided into useful fermentation (simply called fermentation) and harmful fermentation (called putrefaction). The synthetic micro organisms can be subdivided into groups having the physiological abilities to fix […]
The application of beneficial microorganisms to soil can help to define the structure and establishment of natural ecosystems. The greater the diversity of the cultivated plants that are grown and the more chemically complex the biomass, the greater the diversity of the soil microflora as to their types, numbers and activities. The application of a […]
Most soils are classified on the basis of their chemical and physical properties; little has been done to classify soils ac cording to their microbiological proper ties. The reason for this is that a soil’s chemical and physical properties are more readily defined and measured than their microbiological properties. Improved soil quality is usually characterized […]
Microorganisms are utilized in agriculture for various purposes; as important components of organic amendments and composts, as legume inoculants for biological nitrogen fixation, as a means of suppressing insects and plant diseases to improve crop quality and yield, and for reduction of labor. All of these are closely related to one another. An important consideration […]
