Microorganism Principles and Fundamental Considerations
Microorganisms are utilized in agriculture for various purposes; as important components of organic amendments and composts, as legume inoculants for biological nitrogen fixation, as a means of suppressing insects and plant diseases to improve crop quality and yield, and for reduction of labor. All of these are closely related to one another. An important consideration in the application of beneficial microorganisms to soils is the enhancement of their synergistic effects. This is difficult to accomplish if these microorganisms are applied to achieve symptomatic therapy, as in the case of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
If cultures of beneficial microorganisms are to be effective after inoculation in to soil, it is important that their initial populations be at a certain critical threshold level. This helps to ensure that the amount of bioactive substances produced by them will be sufficient to achieve the desired positive effects on crop production and/or crop protection. If these conditions are not met, the introduced microorganisms, no matter how useful they are, will have little if any effect. At present, there are no chemical tests that can predict the probability of a particular soil inoculated microorganism to achieve a desired result. The most reliable approach is to inoculate the beneficial microorganism into soil as part of a mixed culture, and at a sufficiently high inoculum density to maximize the probability of its adaptation to environmental and ecological conditions.
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